Why is Myanmar Civil War happening?
Military Junta (SAC) vs Resistance (PDF/EAOs) · Since 2021-02-01
📋What is happening?
Myanmar's civil war escalated dramatically after the military (Tatmadaw) seized power in a coup on February 1, 2021, overthrowing the elected government of Aung San Suu Kyi. The People's Defence Force (PDF) formed as a civilian resistance. Combined with ethnic armed organizations (EAOs), resistance forces have captured vast territory including major cities.
👥Who is fighting?
The State Administration Council (SAC) military junta controls the formal armed forces. The National Unity Government (NUG) and its PDF arm represent the resistance. The Three Brotherhood Alliance (MNDAA, TNLA, AA) launched Operation 1027 in October 2023, dealing devastating blows to the junta. China has interests in both stability and its BRI investments. The West has imposed sanctions.
❓Why did it start?
The coup reversed a decade of democratic transition. The military feared losing political power and immunity from prosecution under the elected government. Myanmar has deep ethnic tensions with numerous armed groups seeking autonomy or independence. The Tatmadaw has historically dominated the country since 1962.
📰What's the latest?
As of April 2026, resistance forces control large swaths of northern, eastern, and western Myanmar. Lashio, the largest city in northern Myanmar, fell to resistance forces in April 2026. Junta forces are besieged in Mandalay. The capital Naypyidaw remains under junta control but is increasingly isolated.
📍Where is it happening?
Fighting spans nearly all of Myanmar's states and regions. Key contested areas: Shan State (north), Sagaing Region, Chin State, Karen State, Rakhine State. Mandalay (second largest city) is under siege. The PDFs have reached Bago Region, 50km from Yangon.