Why is Ethiopia Conflict happening?
Ethiopia (ENDF) vs TPLF/Fano Militias · Since 2020-11-04
📋What is happening?
Ethiopia has experienced multiple overlapping conflicts since 2020. The Tigray War (2020-2022) killed an estimated 300,000-500,000 people and was one of the deadliest conflicts of the 21st century. A ceasefire was signed in November 2022 but violence has continued in Amhara region between government forces and Fano militia since 2023.
👥Who is fighting?
The Ethiopian National Defence Force (ENDF) is the federal army under PM Abiy Ahmed. The TPLF (Tigray People's Liberation Front) was the main Tigray armed group. Fano militias in Amhara region are fighting for regional autonomy. The Oromo Liberation Army (OLA) operates in Oromia. Eritrea supported the federal government during the Tigray War.
❓Why did it start?
The Tigray War began after PM Abiy Ahmed centralized power, threatening the TPLF's dominance. The Amhara conflict stems from Abiy's decision to disband regional special forces and incorporate them into the federal military. Underlying ethnic federalism tensions date to the 1990s constitutional settlement.
📰What's the latest?
As of April 2026, the Tigray ceasefire formally holds but with sporadic skirmishes. The Amhara conflict continues with Fano militias controlling rural areas. ICC processes against some commanders are ongoing. Humanitarian access to Tigray remains restricted.
📍Where is it happening?
Tigray Region (northern Ethiopia), Amhara Region (northwestern highlands), Oromia Region (central/south). Key cities: Mekelle (Tigray capital), Gondar, Dessie, Addis Ababa (threatened during Tigray advance in 2021).